How Peer to Peer (P2P) Works

Peer to Peer (P2P) Technology- How it works:

Ever wondered how P2P works? This guide will run down most of the major P2P services and how they work. Peer to Peer technology lets people share files over a network on the internet. Most people now use what is known as the second generation of P2P, which is unlike its predecessors like such as Napter, the second generation has no centralized server, making it harder for it to shut down.

How first generation P2P services worked:

A connection is established by a peer finding another peer to connect to. Each peer exchanges active peer and their addresses. When a connection has been established, the user can then search for files. When a search has been submitted, it connects to all nodes on its connection list. The results are then displayed and a connection is made.

How second generation P2P services worked:

Gnutella2: Hubs are used to quickly search for files, eliminating the original "find peer and search" method. Instead, they store a list of files on all the "Leaves" (A peer) that are connected to it, thus dramatically reducing search time. Advantages: Unlike Napster, if a hub crashes, it's network stays alive. Disadvantages: Doesn't make network any more durable than the first generation of P2P. Gnutella2: www.gnutella.com

FastTrack: Programs such as Kazaa and iMesh use the FastTrack protocol. Normal peers connect to a supernode which acts jsut like a hub. Supernodes also connect to other supernodes, allowing search requests to move through the network very quickly. Peers then establish a direct connection to a client after a file has been found. Advantages: Any client can become a supernode. Disadvantages: Corruption of files occur. Clients include: Kazaa (www.kazaa.com), iMesh (www.imesh.com)

BitTorrent: .torrent files are used to store information about the file being shared. Once a torrent file is opened, the client connects to the tracker which tells the client where the file is located and what other peers/seeders there are. BitTorrent works by chunks of small files being transferred (even through multiple connections), while you are downloading. The files are checked for corruption as the download continues. Leechers are people who download and don't upload, and are highly frowned upon on some sites, disallowing them from downloading any further. Advantages: Very fast for popular, new files. Disadvantages: Trackers are unreliable and if it goes down, the file is lost. Clients include: Azureus (www.azureus.com), Shareaza (www.shareaza.com).

EDonkey Network: Edonkey runs on the same principle as first generation P2P, only anybody can become a server. Clients communicate with the server to download files, and random chunks can be downloaded in any order then put together in the end. Advantages: No file corruption, leech penalization. Disadvantages: It can penalize users unfairly. EDonkey: www.edonkey2000.com

Infinitive!, Copyright 2005. All Rights Reserved.

Infinitive! http://www.infinate.x10hosting.com This article may be reproduced so long as your remain a link down the bottom. -Admin, Nigel.

In The News:


Google News
Updated : Sun, 06 Jul 2008 18:55:47 GMT

Alex Rodriguez’s Wife Left Him Over Alleged Affair with Madonna - People Magazine

Alex Rodriguez’s Wife Left Him Over Alleged Affair with Madonna
People Magazine - 1 hour ago
After putting up with years of flirtations with other women, Alex Rodriguez's wife Cynthia finally left the Yankee star over his rumored affair with Madonna and his newfound interest in Kabbalah, according to sources close to the situation.
Madonna's other Guy is link between A-Rod, Lenny Kravitz New York Daily News
Trainer: A-Rod 'brainwashed' by Madonna United Press International
FOXSports.com - eFluxMedia - Baltimore Sun - E! Online
all 1,531 news articles

Publ.Date : Sun, 06 Jul 2008 17:45:54 GMT

Republican Party ad assails Obama on energy - The Associated Press


BBC News
Republican Party ad assails Obama on energy
The Associated Press - 1 hour ago
TITLE: "Balance." LENGTH: 30 seconds. AIRING: Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin. SCRIPT: Announcer: "Record gas prices.
For Republicans, the Senate outlook is bad Los Angeles Times
How Bush Ratings Complicate Wall Street Journal
Washington Post - International Herald Tribune - Newsweek - Fort Worth Star Telegram
all 386 news articles

Publ.Date : Sun, 06 Jul 2008 17:00:58 GMT

Muscle strain to sideline Gay for two weeks - Washington Post


Aljazeera.net
Muscle strain to sideline Gay for two weeks
Washington Post - 2 hours ago
EUGENE, Oregon (Reuters) - World 200 meters champion Tyson Gay has a mild muscle strain in his left leg and will be unable to train at full strength for up to two weeks, his management company said on Sunday.
Gay diagnosed with mild leg strain The Associated Press
Defending World Champion Is Injured During Trials New York Times
Boston Globe - Los Angeles Times - KMEG 14 - CNN
all 732 news articles

Publ.Date : Sun, 06 Jul 2008 16:46:37 GMT

AT&T's Odd iPhone Offer - TechNewsWorld


Canada.com
AT&T's Odd iPhone Offer
TechNewsWorld - 7 hours ago
By Eric Benderoff Some of the details surrounding AT&T's iPhone prices make little sense, writes Eric Benderoff. The company will sell a 3G iPhone with no contract for a $400 premium.
iPhone 3G line forms in NYC for a green cause Ars Technica
Where the iPhone Failed BusinessWeek
CRN - Slashdot - Washington Post - CNNMoney.com
all 566 news articles

Publ.Date : Sun, 06 Jul 2008 11:04:21 GMT

Export Tax That Angers Farmers Advances in Argentina - New York Times


The Money Times
Export Tax That Angers Farmers Advances in Argentina
New York Times - 3 hours ago
By ALEXEI BARRIONUEVO RIO DE JANEIRO - After a marathon session that lasted through the night, Argentina’s lower house of Congress on Saturday narrowly approved agricultural export tax increases that the government imposed four months ago.
Argentine Lower House Passes Grain Export-Tax Plan (Update3) Bloomberg
Argentina lawmakers approve farm export tax hike guardian.co.uk
BBC News - Reuters - AFP - Voice of America
all 152 news articles

Publ.Date : Sun, 06 Jul 2008 15:36:35 GMT

Renault chief expects car industry consolidation - International Herald Tribune


The Money Times
Renault chief expects car industry consolidation
International Herald Tribune - 2 hours ago
AIX-EN-PROVENCE, France: A slump in the global automotive sector could give impetus to plans for consolidation within the industry, according to the head of the French carmaker Renault.
Renault CEO sees 'difficult' return from summer holidays for ... Forbes
Renault's Ghosn Sees Carmaker Consolidation as Stocks Decline Bloomberg
Wall Street Journal - AHN - Reuters - United Press International
all 38 news articles

Publ.Date : Sun, 06 Jul 2008 16:00:44 GMT

Google trying to take privacy seriously - ZDNet


BBC News
Google trying to take privacy seriously
ZDNet - 19 hours ago
This week was a very interesting week as far as Google and privacy goes. First, a burglary (the same on that affected CNET earlier last month) was confirmed to have affected all Google employees hired before December 31, 2005.
Court order on YouTube user data fans privacy fears Reuters
• YouTube Ordered To Release User Data Washington Post
New York Times - BloggingStocks - Ars Technica - Wall Street Journal
all 928 news articles

Publ.Date : Sat, 05 Jul 2008 23:49:42 GMT

RSS2Blog
RSS Parser


PARLOT::Ebooks, Scripts, Websites, and more...

Adsense websites

Broadband - Will it Affect Your Online Marketing Future?

The coming age of general Broadband use bearing down upon... Read More

Wireless Network Hammerin

The wireless network in my house went haywire. It worked... Read More

DSL Internet is a Simple and Easy Way to Get Fast Internet Service

DSL ? which stands for Digital Subscriber Line ? is... Read More

How to Test Your DSL and Cable Internet Connection Speed

There are two measured elements that determine your internet connection... Read More

Mind Machine Interfacing

SQUID:In 1984 I was partnered with a Cable TV engineer... Read More

Dreams Come True With The Help Of Global Consciousness On The Internet

Dreams. There are two types of dreams: 1. When you... Read More

What are Your Internet Connection Solutions?

Of primary concern to all internet users is their actual... Read More

ICMP Protocol - Internet Control Message Protocol

The Internet Control Message Protocol communicates errors messages between systems... Read More

How Peer to Peer (P2P) Works

Peer to Peer (P2P) Technology- How it works:Ever wondered how... Read More

How to Choose Best ISP for Your Needs

Well, the Internet access industry is starting to shake its... Read More

Wi-Fi Hotspot Security

You've set up your Boingo account, you're hanging out at... Read More

Its On! (Free Internet TV - Watch TV Online)

Get ready because "there's going to be television out the... Read More

How to Troubleshoot Your Internet Connection for DSL or Cable Service

One of the common problems among internet users is testing... Read More

Ka Band -Affordable Satellite Internet On The Way!

Ka Band VSAT* satellite internet technology has enormous possibilities for... Read More

Compare Cable vs. DSL

Okay, so you are finally tired of those slow dial-up... Read More

Webmail - What are the Benefits?

There are so many different webmail services on the internet,... Read More

Top 3 UK Broadband Providers

Every Internet provider today wants to make it sound like... Read More

3 Tips to Fix Unreliable Wireless Connections

Generally speaking, wireless computer connections are reliable. However, nothing is... Read More

Internet Service Providers

Internet Service Provider or ISP is a company that provides... Read More

A Cheap Alternative To Broadband?

Are you a dial-up user looking for a faster connection,... Read More

Bleeding Edge or Expensive Enterprise Satellite Internet?

The State of Satellite Internet in 2005For those businesses unable... Read More

Wanadoo: 17.99 Pounds 1Mbps Service

Wanadoo 17.99 pounds 1 mbps service getting good reviews.Want a... Read More

Searching for the Right ISP

When searching for the right ISP there are a number... Read More

Cheap Internet Access

For anyone trying to get the cheapest internet available, there... Read More

Chat-less

Are you suddenly chat-less now that Yahoo has shut down... Read More